The transformation of the digital economy has been constantly evolving in the society of the 4.0 industrial revolution, particularly under the governmental policies of developed countries. One of the most popular tools in digital economy activities is cryptocurrency, which has led to a rise in digital awareness among people who are more inclined to live their lives electronically and digitally. The aim of this study is to explore the problems and prospects associated with the usage of cryptocurrency and identify ways to address these issues using the governmental roadmap in China and Cambodia. The methods employed in this study include descriptive, explanatory, and comparative analyses. The results demonstrate that the adoption of cryptocurrency presents both opportunities and threats to the Chinese and Cambodian economies. These opportunities and threats need to be carefully considered and balanced by policymakers and stakeholders. The conclusion drawn from the study is that there is still no official acceptance and recognition of cryptocurrency by the Chinese and Cambodian governments. This is primarily due to the fact that the risks and challenges associated with cryptocurrencies are deemed to be greater than the foreseeable opportunities, making them difficult to manage effectively.

This study aims to evaluate the challenges and opportunities arising from digital transformation and the digital economy, as well as their impact on human and physical resource development in the context of Indonesia. The methods used were a literature review and a qualitative approach. This study used secondary data obtained from academic articles published in the last 10 years. Data analysis techniques include material collection, data reduction, analysis and synthesis stages, and drawing conclusions. The results indicate that digital transformation brings economic and social opportunities. However, challenges also arise, such as digital divides among different groups, the level of human resource development, data and online system security, and taxation issues. Obstacles to be faced include slow regulatory reforms, bureaucratic complexity, government promotion in various regions, and digital infrastructure limitations. Strategic steps that need to be taken include developing appropriate policies, fostering collaboration between the public and private sectors, enhancing cybersecurity capacity, and promoting digital transformation domestically and internationally to advance national and regional economies. The key conclusion is that the main impact of the digital economy on the Indonesian economy as a whole includes market share growth, increased brand awareness, expanded customer reach, ease of business transactions, and increased product variety at competitive prices.

This study examined the impact of foreign direct investment on financial development in selected Arab League countries (Algeria, Comoros, Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Mauritania, Oman, and Qatar) for the period from 2010 to 2021. The study used one explanatory variable — financial development — and one explained variable — foreign direct investment. To obtain reliable and valid results, panel data were analyzed, and various tests were carried out, including the Chow test, Breusch-Pagan Lagrange multiplier test, Hausman test, Jarque-Bera normality test, Wooldridge test, generalized least squares, and ordinary least squares. The robust model of the study revealed a positive and significant relationship between foreign direct investment and the financial development index, human development index, and interest rate. Also, there is a negative and significant relationship between foreign direct investment and the consumer price index and domestic credit to private sector. Based on these findings, the study recommends that Arab League countries’ policies and strategies should attract foreign investors to maintain and sustain economic developmental goals for healthy, literate, and wealthy lives.

The Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0), with technological achievements in artificial intelligence, blockchain technology, big data, the Internet of Things, etc., has significantly affected various aspects of the economy, including the banking sector. The aim of this article is to evaluate and forecast the transformation of the banking industry globally and in Vietnam. This study employs methods of secondary data synthesis and comparative analysis and reviews the research reports of regulatory agencies and consulting organizations. The article resulted in identifying the characteristics of Industry 4.0 and its impact on the banking and finance industries. The author highlights the main challenges in applying digital technology in Vietnamese banks and draws the conclusion that digital technology in the banking sector in Vietnam is still at a low level, with one of the most critical issues being the lack of a legal framework related to digital finance and electronic transactions.

This study aims to investigate the relationship between the volatility of the crude oil market and the macroeconomic conditions in Nigeria. The author used the methods of the auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) model in conjunction with the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) to determine the extent of volatility using a monthly dataset from January 2012 to December 2022. The author regressed the crude oil price volatility index on Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) production quotas, conflicts, GDP growth rate, exchange rate and inflation. The results indicate that oil price volatility relates negatively to GDP, implying that the volatility of crude oil prices dampens growth in Nigeria. The paper concludes that rising oil prices heighten inflation, depreciate the exchange rate and depress growth in Nigeria. To hedge against oil price volatility, the paper recommends that the Nigerian government adopt policy measures that would increase energy efficiency and reduce the country’s dependency on oil exports through diversification in other related productive sectors such as agriculture and manufacturing.

The author examines the causes and sources of the depreciation of money in Russia compared with that in the United States. The subject is causal connections between the budget deficit, money supply, and the depreciation of money. The relevance of the research for Russia is determined by concerns about macroeconomic stability and high inflation. In the case of the United States, an increase in the money supply and an inflation spike occurred because of the debt financing of the federal budget deficit. The scientific novelty of the paper lies in considering the two main options for monetary policy to support the liquidity of public debt: hard and soft, and the analytical methods and results of the research. One of the important scientific results is that the burden of public debt should be measured not as the ratio of public debt to gross domestic product (GDP) but as the share of public debt in a bond market. The second scientific result is very important for the practice: during 2011–2022, in the eight biennial periods, the GDP deflator was approximately equal to the growth of the money supply M2 minus GDP growth. Thus, the depreciation of money was directly caused by monetary policy. In the other three biennial periods, a substantial difference was observed, probably because of external shocks. As the method of the study, the author estimated the effect of interest rates caused by crowding out corporate debt by public debt. It was substantiated that to obtain the effects of soft monetary policy and thus the increase of M2 to GDP deflator, it is essential to use biennial periods. Based on the results of the analysis, it was revealed that, particularly in 2021–2022, the growth of the GDP deflator amounted to 139.8% and was due to the growth of the money supply M2 by 140.5%. At the same time, the effect on GDP growth was insignificant, at 3.4%. The key conclusion is that for the implementation of macroeconomic stability policies, it is necessary to manage the expansion of the M2 money supply, the exchange rate, and to use the GDP deflator as an important indicator in addition to the inflation index — consumer price index. A good way to achieve this is to adopt a special law for controlling inflation, similar to the USA Inflation Reduction Act.

The objective of this research is to examine how sentiment analysis can be employed to generate trading signals for the Foreign Exchange (Forex) market.

The author assessed sentiment in social media posts and news articles pertaining to the United States Dollar (USD) using a combination of methods: lexicon-based analysis and the Naive Bayes machine learning algorithm.

The findings indicate that sentiment analysis proves valuable in forecasting market movements and devising trading signals. Notably, its effectiveness is consistent across different market conditions.

The author concludes that by analyzing sentiment expressed in news and social media, traders can glean insights into prevailing market sentiments towards the USD and other pertinent countries, thereby aiding trading decision-making. This study underscores the importance of weaving sentiment analysis into trading strategies as a pivotal tool for predicting market dynamics.