Комплексный обзор проблем улучшения сотрудничества и производительности в виртуальных командах

Целью данного обзора является анализ и оценка основных факторов, влияющих на эффективность виртуальных команд (ВК) в различных ситуациях.

 В исследовании использовались два взаимодополняющих метода: систематический обзор литературы и библиометрический анализ. В статье представлены важнейшие факторы эффективности виртуальной команды, включая лидерство, коммуникацию, доверие и инструменты цифровой совместной работы, а также рассматриваются такие проблемы, как культурное разнообразие и технологические ограничения. Кроме того, в статье излагаются конкретные подходы к внедрению виртуальной команды, принятые в различных отраслях, а также оценивается эффективность технологий совместной работы и стратегий управления, которые влияют на производительность и результативность команды.

Результаты показывают, что виртуальные команды обладают значительными преимуществами в глобальной бизнес-среде, однако их успех в значительной степени зависит от эффективного руководства, структурированной коммуникации и надлежащего использования цифровых инструментов и технологий.

В заключении подчеркивается необходимость принятия организациями стратегического подхода к управлению виртуальными командами, обеспечивающего оптимальную вовлеченность, производительность и долгосрочную устойчивость.

1. Chang R.X., Carvalho M.M., Sbragia R. Towards a comprehensive conceptual framework for multicultural virtual teams: a multilevel perspective exploring the relationship between multiculturalism and performance. International Journal of Managing Projects in Business. 2023;16(2):325–54. URL: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJMPB09–2021–0252

2. Filip R., Puscaselu G.R., Anchidin-Norocel L., Dimian M., Savage W.K. Global Challenges to Public Health Care Systems during the COVID 19 Pandemic: A Review of Pandemic Measures and Problems. Journal of personalized medicine. 2022;12(8):1295. URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2075–4426/12/8/1295

3. Pozin M.A.A., Nawi M.N.M., RomleA.R.Effectiveness of Virtual Team for Improving Communication Breakdown in IBS Project Delivery Process. International Journal of Supply Chain Management. 2016;5(4):121–30. URL: https://ijisscm.bsne.ch/ojs.excelingtech.co.uk/index.php/IJSCM/article/download/1347/1347–5012–1-PB.pdf

4. Alkoud S., Zainudin D., Sarif S.M. Challenges, Barriers, and Obstacles Facing Virtual Teams: a Conceptual Study. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences. 2023;13(4):1473–1487. URL: https://hrmars.com/journals/papers/IJARBSS/v13-i4/16723

5. Batarseh F.S., Usher J.M., Daspit J.J. Collaboration Capability in Virtual Teams: Examining the Influence on Diversity and Innovation. International Journal of Innovation Management. 2017;21(04):1750034. URL: https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S1363919617500347

6. Morrison-Smith S., Ruiz J. Challenges and barriers in virtual teams: a literature review. SN Applied Sciences. 2020;2(6):1096. URL: https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s42452–020–2801–5

7. Quade A.Virtual Team Leadership, Operation, and Technology Deployment: A New Model for Remote Working. In Handbook of research on digital transformation, industry use cases, and the impact of disruptive technologies. 2022:165–181. IGI Global. URL: https://doi.org/10.4018/978–1–7998–7712–7.ch010

8. Garro-Abarca V., Palos-Sanchez P., Aguayo-Camacho M. Virtual Teams in Times of Pandemic: Factors That Influence Performance. Frontiers in psychology. 2021;12:624637. URL: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.624637/full

9. Ybañez R.S., Bautista L.A., De La Cruz A.R.Virtual Project Management (VPM) in Project Execution. American Journal of Industrial and Business Management. 2022;12(12):1867–1912. URL: https://www.scirp.org/journal/doi.aspx?doi=10.4236/ajibm.2022.1212102

10. Dube S., Marnewick C. A conceptual model to improve performance in virtual teams. South African Journal of Information Management. 2016;18(1). URL: https://sajim.co.za/index.php/sajim/article/view/674

11. Mitchell A.Collaboration technology affordances from virtual collaboration during COVID 19 and post-pandemic strategies. Information Technology and People. 2023;36(5):1982–2008. URL: https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ITP01–2021–0003/full/html

12. Dulebohn J. H., Hoch J. E. Virtual teams in organizations. Human Resource Management Review. 2017;27(4):569–574. URL: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1053482216300961

13. Glikson E., Erez M. The emergence of a communication climate in global virtual teams. Journal of World Business. 2020;55(6):101001. URL: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1090951617308787

14. Carozzo-Todaro M.E., Pinheiro-Carozzo N.P., De Souza Machado A. From face-to-face to virtual teams: work organization during the Covid 19 pandemic. Teoria e Prática em Administração. 2021;12(1). URL: https://periodicos.ufpb.br/index.php/tpa/article/view/55747

15. Gupta S., Pathak G.S.Virtual team experiences in an emerging economy: a qualitative study. Journal of Organizational Change Management. 2018;31(4):778–794. URL: https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JOCM04–2017–0108/full/html

16. Tripathy S., Chhabra S., Deorari R., Sreenivasgoud P., Hussein A., Alazzam M.B. Virtual Teams: Analysis of best technology to optimize with the goal setting of all technical aspects. In: 20233rd International Conference on Advance Computing and Innovative Technologies in Engineering (ICACITE). Greater Noida, India: IEEE; 2023:857–861. URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10182578/

17. Davidavičienė V., Al Majzoub K., Meidute-Kavaliauskiene I. Factors Affecting Knowledge Sharing in Virtual Teams. Sustainability. 2020;12(17):6917. URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071–1050/12/17/6917

18. Malhotra A., Majchrzak A. Enhancing performance of geographically distributed teams through targeted use of information and communication technologies. Human Relations. 2014;67(4):389–411. URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0018726713495284

19. Kilcullen M., Feitosa J., Salas E. Insights from the Virtual Team Science: Rapid Deployment During COVID 19. Human Factors. 2022;64(8):1429–40. URL: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0018720821991678

20. Gilson L.L., Maynard M.T., Jones Young N.C., Vartiainen M., Hakonen M.Virtual Teams Research: 10 Years, 10 Themes, and 10 Opportunities. Journal of Management. 2015;41(5):1313–1337. URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0149206314559946

21. Bond-Barnard T.J., Fletcher L., Steyn H. Linking trust and collaboration in project teams to project management success. Journal of Managing Projects in Business. 2018;11(2):432–57. URL: https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJMPB06–2017–0068/full/html

22. El-Sheikh M.Y., MohamedTahwia A., Al-Halwany A.A.A., Shiha E. The application and impact of using virtual team in Middle East (case study). IISTE International Journals. 2014;6(3):164–168.

23. Sagar S.K., Arif M., Oladinrin O.T., Rana M.Q., Sk S. Exploring Factors Affecting Trust in Construction Virtual Project Teams. Journal of Architectural Engineering Technology. 2021;10(11).

24. Abd Shaheen A.R., Alzubaidy L.M.I. Challenges Performance Facing Global Virtual Teams in Global Software Development. In: 20228th International Conference on Contemporary Information Technology and Mathematics (ICCITM). Mosul, Iraq: IEEE; 2022:73–78. URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10031965/

25. Abdul O., Kozlovski E. The Role of Communication Management Within the Virtual Team in an International Projects-Based Organisation. Archives of Business Research. 2023;11(9):205–18. URL: https://journals.scholarpublishing.org/index.php/ABR/article/view/15534

26. Kutanina N. The possibilities of modern online tools and approaches used for project management and effective communication connected to remote work. Vector European. 2023;(2):115–119. URL: https://ibn.idsi.md/sites/default/files/imag_file/115–119_35.pdf

27. Calefato F., Ebert C. Agile Collaboration for Distributed Teams [Software Technology]. IEEE Software. 2019;36(1):72–8. URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8611454/

28. Burrell D.N. Understanding the Talent Management Intricacies of Remote Cybersecurity Teams in Covid 19 Induced Telework Organizational Ecosystems. Land Forces Academy Review. 2020;25(3):232–44. URL: https://www.sciendo.com/article/10.2478/raft2020–0028

29. Han H., Trimi S. Cloud Computing-based Higher Education Platforms during the COVID 19 Pandemic. In: 202213th International Conference on E-Education, E-Business, E-Management, and E-Learning (IC 4E). Tokyo Japan: ACM; 2022. p. 83–9. URL: https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3514262.3514307

30. Robbins S. P. Organizational Behavior. Pearson Prentice Hall; 2005. URL: https://books.google.com/books?id=qYtxQgAACAAJ

31. Berry H., Guillén M.F., Zhou N. An institutional approach to cross-national distance. Journal of International Business Studies. 2010;41(9):1460–1480. URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1057/jibs.2010.28

32. Kizilhan T., Kizilhan S.B. The Rise of the Network Society — The Information Age: Economy, Society, and Culture. Contemporary Educational Technology. 2016;7(3):277–280. URL: https://www.cedtech.net/article/therise-of-the-network-society-the-information-age-economy-society-and-culture 6177

33. Baralou E., Dionysiou D.D. Routine dynamics in virtual teams: the role of technological artifacts. Information Technology and People. 2022;35(7):1980–2001. URL: https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ITP03–2020–0109/full/html

34. Schouten A.P., Van Den Hooff B., Feldberg F. Virtual Team Work: Group Decision Making in 3D Virtual Environments. Communication Research. 2016;43(2):180–210. URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0093650213509667

35. Jones N.B., Graham C.M. Virtual Teams in Business and Distance Education: Reflections from an MBA. Journal of Business and Economic Policy. 2015;2(1):49–59.

36. Ale Ebrahim N., et al. Effective virtual teams for new product development. Scientific Research and Essays. 2012;7(21):1971–1985. URL: http://www.academicjournals.org/sre/abstracts/abstracts/abstracts2012/7Jun/Ebrahim%20et%20al.htm

37. Wu T. H., Wu F., Liang C.J., Li Y. F., Tseng C. M., Kang S.C. A virtual reality tool for training in global engineering collaboration. Universal Access in the Information Society. 2019;18(2):243–255. URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10209–017–0594–0

38. Samul J., Zaharie M., Pawluczuk A., Petre A. Leading and developing virtual teams. Practical lessons learned from university students. 2020. URL: https://pb.edu.pl/oficyna-wydawnicza/wp-content/uploads/ sites/4/2020/12/Leading-and-developing-virtual-teams.pdf

39. Gallego J.S., Ortiz-Marcos I., Ruiz J.R. Main challenges during project planning when working with virtual teams. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 2021;162:120353. URL: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0040162520311793

40. Guo Z., D’Ambra J., Turner T., Zhang H. Improving the Effectiveness of Virtual Teams: A Comparison of Video-Conferencing and Face-to-Face Communication in China. IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication. 2009;52(1):1–16. URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4786608/

41. Shaik F.F., Makhecha U.P. Drivers of Employee Engagement in Global Virtual Teams. Australasian journal of information systems. 2019;23. URL: https://doi.org/10.3127/ajis.v23i0.1770

42. Schulze J., Krumm S. The “virtual team player”: A review and initial model of knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics for virtual collaboration. Organizational Psychology Review. 2017;7(1):66–95. URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2041386616675522

43. Youssef M. F., Eid A. F., Khodeir L. M. Challenges affecting efficient management of virtual teams in construction in times of the COVID 19 pandemic. Ain Shams Engineering Journal. 2023;14(7):102008. URL: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2090447922003197

44. Clark D.A.G., Marnewick A.L., Marnewick C. Virtual Team Performance Factors: A Systematic Literature Review. In: 2019 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM). Macao, Macao: IEEE; 2019:40–44. URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8978809/

45. Darics E., Gatti M. C. Talking a team into being in online workplace collaborations: The discourse of virtual work. Discourse Studies. 2019;21(3):237–57. URL: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1461445619829240

46. McEwan D., Ruissen G.R., Eys M.A., Zumbo B.D., Beauchamp M.R. The Effectiveness of Teamwork Training on Teamwork Behaviors and Team Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Interventions. Van Yperen NW, editor. PLoS One. 2017;12(1): e0169604. URL: https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169604

47. Robert L.P., You S. Are you satisfied yet? Shared leadership, individual trust, autonomy, and satisfaction in virtual teams. Journal of the association for information science and technology. 2018;69(4):503–513. URL: https://asistdl.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/asi.23983

48. Elyousfi F., Anand A., Dalmasso A. Impact of e-leadership and team dynamics on virtual team performance in a public organization. International Journal of Public Sector Management. 2021;34(5):508–28. URL: https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJPSM08–2020–0218/full/html