Новаторы или стремящиеся избежать риск? Роль женщин‑руководителей в инновационной деятельности предприятия в Китае

Автор исследует взаимосвязь между работой женщин-руководителей и корпоративными инновациями в китайских компаниях, акции которых А-класса котируются на фондовых биржах. Предметом исследования является влияние представительства женщин-руководителей на инвестиции в исследования и разработки (НИОКР) и выпуск инновационной продукции в компаниях. Цель исследования — выяснить, сдерживают ли женщины-руководители инновационную деятельность, и изучить опосредующую роль инвестиций в НИОКР, а также оценить различия в эффекте между государственными и негосударственными предприятиями. Актуальность заключается в растущем международном интересе к пониманию того, как гендерное разнообразие в высшем руководстве влияет на стратегические результаты на уровне фирм, особенно на развивающихся рынках с различным институциональным и культурным контекстом. Научная новизна состоит в эмпирическом выявлении механизма, с помощью которого женщины-руководители влияют на инновации, с использованием панельного набора данных из 3920 китайских компаний, зарегистрированных на бирже, за период 2012–2021 гг. В рамках исследования автор использовал методы двухсторонних фиксированных эффектов, опосредованного анализа для оценки косвенных эффектов от инвестиций в НИОКР и анализа неоднородности для сравнения государственных и негосударственных предприятий. Результаты исследования показали существенную связь между представительством женщин-руководителей и сокращением инновационного выпуска, в первую очередь из-за более низких инвестиций в НИОКР. Автор пришел к выводу, что гендерные различия в поведении, связанном с принятием риска, влияют на результаты инноваций и что эти эффекты также могут быть обусловлены институциональными особенностями и структурами собственности.

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