Стратегический жизненный цикл искусственного интеллекта: концептуальная модель на основе систематического обзора литературы

Цель. В данной статье на основе систематического обзора литературы показано, каким образом компании используют искусственный интеллект (ИИ) не только как операционный, но прежде всего как стратегический ресурс, и разработана модель жизненного цикла ИИ на стратегическом уровне. Методология/ подход. Поиск научных публикаций, проведенный в соответствии с протоколом PRISMA, позволил выявить 147 рецензируемых статей, опубликованных в период 2020–2025 гг. в ведущих научных базах данных (Elsevier/Scopus, Emerald, Springer, Wiley). Интерпретация результатов выстроена с использованием пяти доминирующих теоретических концепций: теории динамических способностей, ресурсной теории фирмы (resourcebased view, RBV), теории знаний (knowledgebased view, KBV), модели принятия технологий (technology acceptance model, TAM) и теории разрушительных инноваций (disruptive innovation theory, DIT). Результаты. Теория динамических способностей и RBV объясняют, каким образом организации используют данные, алгоритмы и человеческий капитал в сфере ИИ для создания и поддержания устойчивого конкурентного преимущества в таких отраслях, как государственное управление, энергетика, управление персоналом и наукоемкие отрасли. KBV подчеркивает роль поглощающей способности и практик обмена знаниями для преобразования результатов ИИ в инновации, особенно в ориентированных на пользователя секторах, таких как здравоохранение и гостиничный бизнес. В этих секторах центральное место занимает TAM, в рамках которой доверие, легкость использования и воспринимаемая полезность выступают ключевыми драйверами принятия технологий ИИ. В финансовом секторе теория разрушительных инноваций раскрывает механизмы конкурентного разрушения и стратегии реагирования действующих игроков на появление новых участников, использующих ИИ на стратегическом уровне. Практические выводы. Обзор предлагает практические рекомендации, такие как инвестиции в организационное обучение и развитие поглощающей способности, а также обеспечение прозрачности ИИ‑интерфейсов, что позволяет преобразовать вложения в ИИ в показатели эффективности. Оригинальность/ценность. На основе интеграции пяти теоретических концепций предложена модель стратегического жизненного цикла ИИ, что одновременно создает основу для дальнейших исследований и формирует ориентированную на будущее повестку для менеджеров, стремящихся использовать ИИ как стратегический актив.

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