Typology and Characteristics of Global Cognitive, Spiritual, and Moral Shifts in the World Economic System

The subject of this study is a comprehensive typology of the global cognitive, spiritual, and moral shifts currently influencing the world economic system. The purpose of the study is to identify and classify the prevailing transformations in both individual and collective consciousness and spiritual content that is reflected in economic behavior and growth conditions at the global level. The relevance of this study arises from the necessity to fully incorporate the factors under consideration into the concept of economic development. The author employs the methods of content analysis and inductive research to examine processes encompassing such areas as knowledge, information, responsibility and culture, as well as the method of typological classification. The result of the analysis is to elucidate the mechanisms through which the examined shifts manifest themselves and interact within the global economic system. The novelty of this typology lies in its identification of complex properties and interrelations between cognitive and moral transformations and their underlying drivers, as well as their influence on economic development. The study reveals that each type of change has progressive characteristics, but their processes are uneven across countries and communities and may face problems of ambivalence, which complicates the analysis of feedback loops and their impact on global economic dynamics. Conceptually, this research is important for advancing theories of economic growth, sustainable development, and ethical economics. The author concluded that the suggested typology may be applied in developing policy principles aimed at more effectively harnessing the benefits of the information and knowledge revolution, fostering mutual respect among stakeholders, and promoting sustainable economic development.

1. Kirdina-Chendler S.G., Maevsky V. I. Methodological Issues of the Meso-level Analysis in Economics. Journal of institutional studies. 2017;9(3):7–23. DOI: 10.17835/2076–6297.2017.9.3.007–023

2. Beinhocker E. D. The Origin of Wealth: Evolution, Complexity, and the Radical Remaking of Economics. Harvard Business Press; 2006. 527 p.

3. Jones C. I. Paul Romer: Ideas, Nonrivalry, and Endogenous Growth. Scandinavian Journal of Economics. 2019;121(3):859–883. DOI: 10.1111/sjoe.12370

4. Grossman G. M., Helpman E. Trade, knowledge spillovers, and growth. European Economic Review. 1991;35(2– 3):517–526. DOI: 10.1016/0014–2921(91)90153-A

5. Aghion P., Howitt P. A model of growth through creative destruction. Econometrica. 1992;60(2):323–318. DOI: 10.2307/2951599

6. Hausman N. University innovation and local economic growth. The Review of Economics and Statistics. 2022;104(4):718–735. DOI: 10.1162/rest_a_01027

7. Moyo C., Phiri A. Knowledge creation and economic growth: the importance of basic research. Cogent Social Sciences. 2024;10(1):2309714. DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2024.2309714

8. Warsh D. Knowledge and the Wealth of Nations: A Story of Economic Discovery. New York: W. W. Norton; 2006. 426 p. URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/41795464 (accessed on 15.04.2025).

9. Models for assessing the impact of the knowledge economy on economic growth and innovation in regions. / Suslov V. I., ed. Novosibirsk: Publishing House of the Institute of Economics, Economics, and Policy Problems of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; 2021. 256 p. (In Russ.) URL: https://www.iep.ru/files/text/other/Kaneva_Untura_Modeli_ocenki.pdf (accessed on 16.04.2025).

10. Pennington D. A conceptual model for knowledge integration in interdisciplinary teams: orchestrating individual learning and group processes. Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences. 2016;6:300–312. DOI: 10.1007/s13412–015–0354–5

11. Chintha B. R., Jagannathan R., Sridharan S. Globalization and Profitability of US Firms: The Role of Intangibles. NBER Working Paper No 3202, Social Science Research Network (SSRN). 2024;(w32202):1–56. URL: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4746812 (accessed on 28.08.2025).

12. Budzinski O., Gaenssle S., Lindsta¨dt-Dreusicke N. The battle of YouTube, TV and Netflix: an empirical analysis of competition in audiovisual media markets. SN Business and Economics. 2021;1:116. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43546–021–00122–0

13. Black S. Who Owns Your Data? Indiana Law Review. 2021;54(2):305–339. DOI: 10.18060/26022

14. Zheng C., Li Y., Dou R. Who should own the data? The impact of data value creation on data ownership. Computers and Industrial Engineering. 2024;190:110093. DOI: 10.1016/j.cie.2024.110093

15. Scoones I., Leach M., Newell P., eds. The politics of green transformations. New York: Routledge; 2015. URL: https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/id/37acb7c4–443f-4ea7–886b-e2c080d8a1d1/9781317601128.pdf (accessed on 25.05.2025).

16. Clark W. C., Harley A. G. Sustainability Science: Toward a Synthesis. Annual Review of Environment and Resources. 2020;45:331–86. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-environ-012420–043621

17. Stirling A. Transforming power: Social science and the politics of energy choices. Energy Research and Social Science. 2014;1:83–95. DOI: 10.1016/j.erss.2014.02.001

18. Siemroth C., Hornuf L. Why Do Retail Investors Pick Green Investments? A Lab-in-the-Field Experiment with Crowdfunders. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. 2023;209:74–90. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2023.02.023

19. Sangiorgi I., Schopohl L. Why do institutional investors buy green bonds: Evidence from a survey of European asset managers. International Review of Financial Analysis. 2021;75:101738. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2021.101738

20. Shabanova M. A. Ethical consumption: Theoretical concepts and a contribution to the debate. Voprosy Ekonomiki. 2024;7:53–80. (In Russ.) URL: https://doi.org/10.32609/0042–8736–2024–7–53–80

21. Kuhn T. S. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Second Edition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1962. 210 p.

22. Newman J. Promoting Interdisciplinary Research Collaboration: A Systematic Review, a Critical Literature Review, and a Pathway Forward. Social Epistemology. 2024;38(2):1–17. URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/02691728.2023.2172694

23. Kapeliushnikov R. I. Artificial intelligence and the problem of siguilarity in economics. Voprosy Ekonomiki. 2025;5:5–45. (In Russ.) URL: https://doi.org/10.32609/0042–8736–2025–5–5–45

24. Florida R. The Rise of the Creative Class: And How It’s Transforming Work, Leisure, Community and Everyday Life. New York: Basic Books; 2002. 404 p.

25. Nevzorova T. A., Kutcherov V. G. The concept of technological innovation system: The basic principles and opportunities. Voprosy Ekonomiki. 2022;5:99–120. (In Russ.) URL: https://doi.org/10.32609/0042–8736–2022–5–99–120

26. Pagano U. The Crisis of Intellectual Monopoly Capitalism. Cambridge Journal of Economics. 2014;38:1409– 1431. URL: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2537972 (accessed on 01.05.2025).

27. Cukier K., Mayer-Schoenberger V. The Rise of Big Data: How It’s Changing the Way We Think About the World. Foreign Affairs. 2013;92(3):28–40. URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/23526834 (accessed on 01.05.2025).

28. Kostakis P., Kargas A. Big-Data Management: A Driver for Digital Transformation? Information. 2021;12(10):411. DOI: 10.3390/info12100411

29. Chen H., Chiang R. H.L., Storey V. C. Business Intelligence and Analytics: From Big Data to Big Impact. MIS Quarterly. 2012;36(4):1165–1188. DOI: 10.2307/41703503

30. Brady D. Theories of the Causes of Poverty. Annual Review of Sociology. 2019;45:155–175. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-soc-073018–022550

31. Sotiropoulou T., Giakoumatos S. G., Petropoulos D. P. Financial development, financial stability and economic growth in European Union: A panel data approach. Advances in Management and Applied Economics. 2019;9(3):55–69.

32. Cerra V., Lama R., Loayza N. Links Between Growth, Inequality, and Poverty: A Survey. IMF Working Papers. 2021;2021(068). DOI: 10.5089/9781513572666.001

33. Tooze A. Crashed: How a Decade of Financial Crises Changed the World. New York: Viking; 2018. 720 p.

34. Kazakova M. V. The concept of human capital and the mechanisms of its influence on economic growth. SSRN Electronic Journal. 2022. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4126417

35. Auzan A. A. Individualism and Collectivism: Two Cultural Cores of Russia. Russian Journal of Philosophical Sciences. 2024;67(4):11–26. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.30727/0235–1188–2024–67–4–11–26

36. Seiple C., Hoover D. R. A Case for Cross-Cultural Religious Literacy. The Review of Faith and International Affairs. 2021;19(1):1–13. DOI: 10.1080/15570274.2021.1874165

37. Kanaeva O. A. Corporate Social Responsibility: Formation of a Conceptual Framework. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. 2009:5(2):25–39. (In Russ.).

38. Giovanni-Battista D., Zoni L., Dossi A. Corporate Social Responsibility Performance, Incentives, and Learning Effects. Journal of Business Ethics. 2021;173(3):617–641. URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/45396465 (accessed on 12.05.2025).

39. Chzhan C., Nedospasova O. P. Corporate Environmental Responsibility: Evolution and Development Trends. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekonomika = Bulletin of Tomsk State University. Economics. 2023;64:134–150. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.17223/19988648/64/10

40. Darga K. F., Gali V. B. Perception and Awareness of Consumers towards Green Products: Evidence from India. Review of Business and Economics Studies. 2024;12(2):6–16. DOI: 10.26794/2308–944X-2024–12–2–6–16

41. Inglehart R., Welzel C. Modernization, Cultural Change, and Democracy: The Human Development Sequence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2005. 384 p. URL: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511790881

42. Wilber K. A Theory of Everything: An Integral Vision for Business, Politics, Science, and Spirituality. Boston: Shambhala Publications; 2000. 384 p.

43. Glaser M., Krause G., Ratter B. M.W., Welp M., eds. Human-nature interactions in the anthropocene. Potentials of social-ecological systems analysis. New York: Routledge; 2012. 256 p. DOI: 10.4324/9780203123195

44. Omoyajowo K., Danjin M., Omoyajowo K., et al. Exploring the interplay of environmental conservation within spirituality and multicultural perspective: insights from a cross-sectional study. Environment, Development and Sustainability. 2024;26:16957–16985. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668–023–03319–5

45. Polanyi K. The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time. Boston: Beacon Press; 2001. 317 p.

46. Castells M. The Rise of the Network Society. 2nd ed. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell; 2010. 597 p. DOI: 10.1002/9781444319514

47. Alkharafi N., Alsabah M. Globalization: an overview of its main characteristics and types, and an exploration of its impacts on individuals, firms, and nations. Economies. 2025;13(4):91. URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/economies13040091

48. Noelle A., Castells M. Networks of outrage and hope — social movements in the Internet age. International Journal of Public Opinion Research. 2013;25(3):398–402. DOI: 10.1093/ijpor/edt020

49. Estrada E. What is a Complex System, After All? Foundations of Science. 2024;29:1143–1170. DOI: 10.1007/s10699–023–09917-w

50. Potamianos N. Moral Economy: A Narrow and a Broad View. Critical Historical Studies. 2024;11(1). URL: https://doi.org/10.1086/729378

51. Eccles R. G., Ioannou I., Serafeim G. The Impact of Corporate Sustainability on Organizational Processes and Performance. Management Science. 2014;60(11):2835–2857. URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/24550546 (accessed on 14.05.2025)

52. Porter M. E., Kramer M. R. Creating Shared Value. Harvard Business Review. 2011;89(1–2):62–77.

53. Thomas I., Hegarty K., Holdsworth S. The Education for Sustainability Jig-Saw Puzzle: Implementation in Universities. Creative Education. 2012;3:840–846. DOI: 10.4236/ce.2012.326125

54. Alekseev P. V. Assessment of the Modern Climate Policy of the European Union. Review of Business and Economics Studies. 2024;12(1):16–24. DOI: 10.26794/2308–944X-2024–12–1–16–24